Science · Specimen Trees
Cortland Apple
Large red fruit with white flesh that browns relatively slowly after cutting. Midseason to mid-late season, depending on region. Tree size, anchorage and drought response depend strongly on the grafted rootstock; full sun, drainage, compatible pollination and annual crop management are essential.
Profile
- Fruit
- Large red fruit with white flesh that browns relatively slowly after cutting.
- Harvest
- Midseason to mid-late season, depending on region. Timing shifts with region and weather.
- Cultivar distinction
- McIntosh-derived cultivar; fruit is useful for cut preparations.
- Pollination
- Plant a compatible cultivar with overlapping bloom; bees transfer pollen.
Water & soil targets
- Moisture (VWC)
- Site-calibrated; varies by soil and rootstock
- Salinity tolerance
- Sensitive to saline irrigation; rootstock affects response, but salt accumulation can reduce growth and fruit quality.
- Drought tolerance
- Limited to moderate; fruiting and dwarf-rootstock trees need reliable moisture.
Optimal root measurement depth
8–18 in
Most absorbing tree roots live in the upper 12–18 inches, out toward the drip line. Typical guidance; confirm with a soil probe on site.
Avoid drought during fruit enlargement, and irrigate the root zone rather than repeatedly wetting fruit and foliage. Wet the active root zone, keep the graft union and trunk base clear, and let drainage restore aeration between irrigations.
Problems to watch
- Apple scab during wet spring weather
- Codling moth or locally important fruit insects
- Fire blight, apple scab or cankers according to local pressure
Stress signs
- Persistent leaf wilting or marginal scorch
- Reduced shoot extension and undersized fruit
- Premature leaf or fruit drop
Where you'll find it
- Fresh salads
- Sauce and baking
More specimen trees
General agronomic guidance and typical ranges; actual targets vary by site, soil, climate and season.